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  工程化--构建工具
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  <time datetime="2021-05-20T03:35:38.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2021-05-20</time>
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  <p>构建工具 <code>Grunt</code> 和 <code>Gulp</code> 的作用：</p>
<ol>
<li>浏览器不支持某些语法，可通过构建工具将其转换为浏览器支持的语法</li>
<li>对于资源文件，可进行压缩，减小文件的体积</li>
<li>可将多个文件打包到一个文件中，减少资源的请求</li>
<li>…</li>
</ol>
<p>下面总结两个工具的使用以及区别。</p>
<span id="more"></span>


<h2 id="Gulp"><a href="#Gulp" class="headerlink" title="Gulp"></a><code>Gulp</code></h2><ol>
<li><p>安装 <code>gulp</code> 工具</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yarn add gulp</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>gulp</code> 安装后会在项目的根目录下 <code>node_modules/.bin</code> 文件夹中存在 <code>gulp</code> cli 命令。</p>
</li>
<li><p>创建 <code>gulpfile.js</code> </p>
<p><code>gulpfile.js</code> 是 <code>gulp</code> 任务的入口文件。该文件存在以下特点：</p>
<ol>
<li>每个任务都是一个函数</li>
<li>多个任务可通过对象形式抛出   </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><code>gulp</code> 任务的特点</p>
<ol>
<li><code>gulp 中任务采用异步模式</code>，每个任务都需要有结束的标识</li>
<li><code>gulp 是基于流构建的</code>， gulp 官方提供的插件也都满足流的形式</li>
<li><code>gulp 任务转换过程是输出到内存中的</code>，这点和 Grunt 工具不同</li>
</ol>
<p>所以基于以上各种特性，gulp 构建时可同时执行多个任务，构建速度更快。</p>
</li>
<li><p>项目构建分析</p>
<ol>
<li><p>配合插件进行 <code>js、scss、html</code> 文件的构建。可分别执行任务的构建，也可将这三个任务通过 <code>gulp 提供的 series</code> 方法组合成一个新的任务 <code>start</code>。</p>
</li>
<li><p>在开发的过程中，为了减少构建任务，优化性能。对于 <code>image、fonts</code> 等资源，可直接引用开发下的资源。无需进行构建。上线之前构建即可。</p>
</li>
<li><p>上线之前，对于 js、css、html 等文件的处理压缩，可以借助 <code>gulp-useref</code> 插件。此处需要注意的是，需要转换的文件和转换输出后的文件不能是同一个，否则会存在问题。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// useref 配置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> useref = <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> src(<span class="string">&#x27;temp/*.html&#x27;</span>, &#123; <span class="attr">base</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;temp&#x27;</span> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    .pipe(plugins.useref(&#123; <span class="attr">searchPath</span>: [<span class="string">&#x27;temp&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>] &#125;))</span><br><span class="line">    .pipe(plugins.if(<span class="regexp">/\.js$/</span>, plugins.uglify(&#123; <span class="attr">sourceMap</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> &#125;)))</span><br><span class="line">    .pipe(plugins.if(<span class="regexp">/\.css$/</span>, plugins.cleanCss(&#123; <span class="attr">keepBreaks</span>: <span class="literal">false</span> &#125;)))</span><br><span class="line">    .pipe(plugins.if(<span class="regexp">/\.html$/</span>, plugins.htmlmin(&#123; <span class="attr">collapseWhitespace</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> &#125;)))</span><br><span class="line">    .pipe(dest(<span class="string">&#x27;dist&#x27;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>总结下常用的 gulp 插件</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;browser-sync&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^2.26.14&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;del&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^6.0.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-clean-css&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^4.3.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-htmlmin&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^5.0.1&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-if&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^3.0.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-imagemin&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^7.1.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-rename&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^2.0.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-sass&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^4.1.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-swig&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^0.9.1&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-uglify&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^3.0.2&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-useref&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^5.0.0&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;gulp-load-plugins&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^2.0.6&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;@babel/core&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^7.14.3&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="attr">&quot;@babel/preset-env&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;^7.14.2&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="Grunt"><a href="#Grunt" class="headerlink" title="Grunt"></a><code>Grunt</code></h2><ol>
<li><p>安装 <code>Grunt</code> 插件</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ yarn add grunt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>grunt</code> 安装后会在项目的根目录下 <code>node_modules/.bin</code> 文件夹中存在 <code>grunt</code> cli 命令。</p>
</li>
<li><p>初始化配置文件 <code>gruntfile.js</code></p>
<p><code>gruntfile</code> 是 <code>grunt</code> 的任务配置文件。该文件存在以下特点：</p>
<ol>
<li>配置文件导出一个函数，函数接收 <code>grunt</code> 形参</li>
<li>通过 <code>grunt</code> 对象，可以创建多个构建任务</li>
<li>对于任务的特殊配置可以使用 <code>grunt</code> 的 <code>initConfig</code> 方法进行配置 </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><code>Grunt</code> 任务特点</p>
<ol>
<li><code>grunt 任务默认采用同步模式</code></li>
<li><code>grunt 构建任务转换过程是输入到磁盘中的，转换过程中需要磁盘的读写操作，速度相对慢</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>配置文件内容</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = <span class="function"><span class="params">grunt</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 2. 配置</span></span><br><span class="line">   grunt.initConfig(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      jshint: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         files: [<span class="string">&#x27;gruntfile.js&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;src/**/*.js&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;test/**/*.js&#x27;</span>],</span><br><span class="line">         options: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            esversion: <span class="number">6</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            globals: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">               jQuery: <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">      uglify: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         options: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            mangle: <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            sourceMap: <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">         js: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            src: <span class="string">&#x27;src/index.js&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            dest: <span class="string">&#x27;dist/output.min.js&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">         &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">         test: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            src: <span class="string">&#x27;test/index.js&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            dest: <span class="string">&#x27;dist/test.min.js&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">         &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">      clean: [<span class="string">&#x27;dist&#x27;</span>],</span><br><span class="line">      watch: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         js: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            files: [<span class="string">&#x27;src/*.js&#x27;</span>],</span><br><span class="line">            tasks: [<span class="string">&#x27;clean&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;uglify:js&#x27;</span>],</span><br><span class="line">            options: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">               spawn: <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1. 加载插件</span></span><br><span class="line">   grunt.loadNpmTasks(<span class="string">&#x27;grunt-contrib-jshint&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   grunt.loadNpmTasks(<span class="string">&#x27;grunt-contrib-uglify&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   grunt.loadNpmTasks(<span class="string">&#x27;grunt-contrib-clean&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   grunt.loadNpmTasks(<span class="string">&#x27;grunt-contrib-watch&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// gruntLoadNpmRunTasks(grunt);</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 默认执行的任务</span></span><br><span class="line">   grunt.registerTask(<span class="string">&#x27;default&#x27;</span>, [<span class="string">&#x27;clean&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;jshint&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;uglify&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;watch&#x27;</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
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      <span class="reward-type">支付宝</span>
    </div>
    
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Shen-Yu/cdn/img/wechat.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">微信</span>
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>
    
<script src="/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>

<!-- Tocbot -->
 
<script src="/js/tocbot.min.js"></script>

<script>
  tocbot.init({
    tocSelector: ".tocbot",
    contentSelector: ".article-entry",
    headingSelector: "h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6",
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: "main",
    positionFixedSelector: ".tocbot",
    positionFixedClass: "is-position-fixed",
    fixedSidebarOffset: "auto",
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css"
/>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.7.0/dist/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->
 <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->

<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->

<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    

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</html>